Nmdc NMDC full analysis,charts,indicators,moving averages,SMA,DMA,EMA,ADX,MACD,RSI
Nmdc NMDC WideScreen charts, DMA,SMA,EMA technical analysis, forecast prediction, by indicators ADX,MACD,RSI,CCI NSE stock exchange
operates under Mining sector
- IntraDay predictions, targets, What to do NMDC
- Forcast & Targets NMDC
- NMDC Experts view
- Tomorrow's Movement NMDC
- Technical Analysis Reports
- All in One Charts
- All indicators in One Charts
- NMDC History
- Money flow charts
- Weekly charts
- Monthly charts
- Moving averages charts
- MACD charts
- Force Index charts
- Stochastics charts
- PVM charts
- RSI and MRSI charts
- Renko charts
- Point and Figure charts
Daily price and charts and targets Nmdc
Strong intraday Stock price targets for Nmdc are 66.72 and 67.7
| Intraday Target 1 | 66.45 |
| Intraday Target 2 | 66.99 |
| Intraday Target 3 | 67.426666666667 |
| Intraday Target 4 | 67.97 |
| Intraday Target 5 | 68.41 |
Daily price and volume Nmdc
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume | Thu 29 October 2026 | 67.54 (0.06%) | 67.65 | 66.88 - 67.86 | 0.6631 times | Wed 28 October 2026 | 67.50 (-2.17%) | 67.99 | 66.91 - 68.06 | 0.8614 times | Tue 27 October 2026 | 69.00 (3.78%) | 66.84 | 66.53 - 69.00 | 1.2004 times | Mon 26 October 2026 | 66.49 (0.21%) | 66.35 | 65.61 - 66.64 | 0.9042 times | Fri 23 October 2026 | 66.35 (-3.67%) | 68.60 | 65.15 - 68.72 | 1.4862 times | Thu 22 October 2026 | 68.88 (-1.03%) | 69.46 | 67.80 - 69.46 | 0.678 times | Wed 21 October 2026 | 69.60 (-1.28%) | 70.68 | 68.95 - 71.11 | 1.1562 times | Mon 19 October 2026 | 70.50 (-1.66%) | 71.95 | 70.30 - 72.10 | 0.6548 times | Fri 16 October 2026 | 71.69 (1.23%) | 71.18 | 70.89 - 71.92 | 1.016 times | Thu 15 October 2026 | 70.82 (-0.37%) | 71.11 | 70.50 - 71.29 | 1.3797 times | Wed 14 October 2026 | 71.08 (-0.36%) | 71.28 | 71.03 - 71.87 | 0.8239 times |
Weekly price and charts Nmdc
Strong weekly Stock price targets for Nmdc NMDC are 66.58 and 69.97
| Weekly Target 1 | 63.99 |
| Weekly Target 2 | 65.77 |
| Weekly Target 3 | 67.383333333333 |
| Weekly Target 4 | 69.16 |
| Weekly Target 5 | 70.77 |
Weekly price and volumes for Nmdc
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume | Thu 29 October 2026 | 67.54 (1.79%) | 66.35 | 65.61 - 69.00 | 0.8152 times | Fri 23 October 2026 | 66.35 (-7.45%) | 71.95 | 65.15 - 72.10 | 0.8929 times | Fri 16 October 2026 | 71.69 (-0.15%) | 71.99 | 70.29 - 72.24 | 1.1341 times | Fri 09 October 2026 | 71.80 (-3.8%) | 75.00 | 70.10 - 75.51 | 1.2086 times | Thu 01 October 2026 | 74.64 (-6.58%) | 80.70 | 73.71 - 80.90 | 1.1332 times | Fri 25 September 2026 | 79.90 (0.95%) | 80.09 | 79.34 - 82.32 | 0.6762 times | Fri 18 September 2026 | 79.15 (-3.94%) | 82.80 | 79.15 - 82.89 | 0.6452 times | Fri 11 September 2026 | 82.40 (-2.72%) | 85.29 | 82.25 - 86.12 | 0.9134 times | Fri 04 September 2026 | 84.70 (-2.37%) | 86.30 | 84.19 - 88.20 | 1.0639 times | Fri 28 August 2026 | 86.76 (2.54%) | 84.65 | 84.51 - 89.10 | 1.5174 times | Fri 21 August 2026 | 84.61 (0.25%) | 83.10 | 81.05 - 85.50 | 1.7125 times |
Monthly price and charts Nmdc
Strong monthly Stock price targets for Nmdc NMDC are 60.44 and 72.26
| Monthly Target 1 | 58.07 |
| Monthly Target 2 | 62.8 |
| Monthly Target 3 | 69.886666666667 |
| Monthly Target 4 | 74.62 |
| Monthly Target 5 | 81.71 |
Monthly price and volumes Nmdc
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume | Thu 29 October 2026 | 67.54 (-11.76%) | 76.45 | 65.15 - 76.97 | 0.6139 times | Wed 30 September 2026 | 76.54 (-13.22%) | 86.81 | 76.02 - 87.40 | 0.5596 times | Mon 31 August 2026 | 88.20 (3.72%) | 85.60 | 81.05 - 89.10 | 0.8733 times | Fri 31 July 2026 | 85.04 (-0.14%) | 85.16 | 81.77 - 86.93 | 0.7975 times | Tue 30 June 2026 | 85.16 (-3.22%) | 89.10 | 83.92 - 97.49 | 1.5631 times | Fri 29 May 2026 | 87.99 (-2.63%) | 91.00 | 86.38 - 94.25 | 0.8366 times | Thu 30 April 2026 | 90.37 (18.49%) | 78.56 | 75.61 - 92.77 | 1.2254 times | Mon 30 March 2026 | 76.27 (-6.69%) | 78.98 | 74.55 - 82.20 | 0.96 times | Fri 27 February 2026 | 81.74 (0.65%) | 80.00 | 78.10 - 86.39 | 1.2923 times | Fri 30 January 2026 | 81.21 (-2.36%) | 83.17 | 76.05 - 86.72 | 1.2782 times | Wed 31 December 2025 | 83.17 (12.51%) | 74.20 | 73.22 - 84.64 | 1.0395 times |
Yearly price and charts Nmdc
Strong yearly Stock price targets for Nmdc NMDC are 50.18 and 82.52
| Yearly Target 1 | 44.39 |
| Yearly Target 2 | 55.96 |
| Yearly Target 3 | 76.726666666667 |
| Yearly Target 4 | 88.3 |
| Yearly Target 5 | 109.07 |
Yearly price and volumes Nmdc
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume | Thu 29 October 2026 | 67.54 (-18.79%) | 83.17 | 65.15 - 97.49 | 1.68 times | Wed 31 December 2025 | 83.17 (26.17%) | 66.28 | 59.53 - 84.64 | 1.925 times | Tue 31 December 2024 | 65.92 (-68.56%) | 210.90 | 65.55 - 286.35 | 1.3152 times | Fri 29 December 2023 | 209.65 (70.38%) | 124.20 | 103.75 - 212.65 | 0.9538 times | Fri 30 December 2022 | 123.05 (-7.69%) | 134.40 | 92.25 - 175.35 | 0.9274 times | Fri 31 December 2021 | 133.30 (16.47%) | 114.90 | 103.65 - 213.20 | 1.3359 times | Thu 31 December 2020 | 114.45 (-11.21%) | 129.05 | 61.55 - 139.70 | 0.7893 times | Tue 31 December 2019 | 128.90 (33.09%) | 96.90 | 74.80 - 130.80 | 0.4721 times | Mon 31 December 2018 | 96.85 (-29.72%) | 137.90 | 88.60 - 162.70 | 0.327 times | Fri 29 December 2017 | 137.80 (11.67%) | 123.90 | 102.80 - 152.40 | 0.2743 times | Fri 30 December 2016 | 123.40 (35.23%) | 91.25 | 75.15 - 142.50 | 0.248 times |
Indicator Analysis of Nmdc
Tomorrow's movement Prediction of Nmdc NMDC appears to be in downtrend.
And this trend seems to be continuing further.Price is below an important level of 69.27 on charts, and if price remains below this level, then stock might show a fall in short term.
Tomorrow's movement Prediction of Nmdc NMDC made a big move recently. This generally happens when there is a positive sentiment change, or a block deal went through. There is a good chance that this trend might continue in coming days.
Munafa value: 35 as on Thu 29 October 2026
This Munafa value indicates that the stock is moving downwards and might continue to move down.
SMA20 is at 71 and price is deviating by 3 points
Upper Bollinger band is at 77 and lower is at 66, while middle bands are at 69 and 74
Price is rising
Price is below 20day SMA
Price is in lower range of bands
Price action analysis of Nmdc (NMDC) based on a short term time period is definitely negative. This means that there is a strong downtrend in the stock for given time period. Sellers are extremely active on this stock.
ADX buy sell signal for Nmdc stock for short term is SELL. Signal strength is Strong and stock is gaining momentum.
MACD generated a SELL signal for Nmdc in short term and the sell signal is strong.
MACD line is moving upwards which means that SELL signal is weakening, and buying is picking up momentum.
Nmdc Stock in short term is moving inside a range for now. Please check in a day or two to for a better buy sell signal. Bears are weakening, and bulls are picking up momentum!
Ichimoku cloud is of red color and prices are below the red cloud Prices appear to be moving up
CCI has generated a SELL signal for Nmdc in short term and SELL signal is strong!
RSI is generating a SELL signal in short term and selling is picking up momentum.
MRSI is in negative zone. This is the SELL zone
Although the stock is in the SELL zone, but selling might be slowing down
Stock of Nmdc is picking up selling momentum according to indicator.
Volume based indicators are showing selling momentum.
Volume Weighted Averaged Price (VWAP) for short term is 68.84 and Nmdc NMDC stock is trading below this level. This means that stock is falling with high volumes. VWAP is falling down
People seem to be coming out and selling the Nmdc NMDC stock. Volume based technical analysis of Nmdc NMDC stock is negative.
Nmdc Stock has given negative returns over a short term period. Returns for a longer term period have been negative.
Force Index is moving in a negative zone, which indicates selling momentum for short term... Selling momentum is getting weaker.
DMA SMA EMA moving averages of Nmdc NMDC
DMA (daily moving average) of Nmdc NMDC
| DMA period | DMA value |
| 5 day DMA | 67.38 |
| 12 day DMA | 69.23 |
| 20 day DMA | 70.79 |
| 35 day DMA | 75.18 |
| 50 day DMA | 78.24 |
| 100 day DMA | 81.92 |
| 150 day DMA | 83.69 |
| 200 day DMA | 83.01 |
EMA (exponential moving average) of Nmdc NMDC
| EMA period | EMA current | EMA prev | EMA prev2 |
| 5 day EMA | 67.89 | 68.07 | 68.35 |
| 12 day EMA | 69.27 | 69.58 | 69.96 |
| 20 day EMA | 71.1 | 71.47 | 71.89 |
| 35 day EMA | 74.31 | 74.71 | 75.13 |
| 50 day EMA | 77.74 | 78.16 | 78.59 |
SMA (simple moving average) of Nmdc NMDC
| SMA period | SMA current | SMA prev | SMA prev2 |
| 5 day SMA | 67.38 | 67.64 | 68.06 |
| 12 day SMA | 69.23 | 69.47 | 69.82 |
| 20 day SMA | 70.79 | 71.26 | 71.76 |
| 35 day SMA | 75.18 | 75.64 | 76.13 |
| 50 day SMA | 78.24 | 78.6 | 78.94 |
| 100 day SMA | 81.92 | 82.18 | 82.45 |
| 150 day SMA | 83.69 | 83.76 | 83.84 |
| 200 day SMA | 83.01 | 83.1 | 83.18 |
Fundamentals, profit and EPS of Nmdc NMDC
EPS is 8.47 and PE is: 7.97
Last quarter profit: (March 2026 quarter) 2027.17 crores (37.19%)
Debt: 6406.81 in crores
Market capitalization: 74677.70
EPS is 7.85 and PE is: 8.6
Last quarter profit: (December 2025 quarter) 1757.29 crores (-6.67%)
Debt: 3639.57 in crores
Market capitalization: 67872.83
Futures expiry: 23 Mon November 2026
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume |
| 29 Thu | 68.07 | 67.74 | 67.32 to 68.27 | 1.11 times |
| 28 Wed | 67.64 | 67.89 | 67.14 to 68.25 | 1.11 times |
| 27 Tue | 68.01 | 67.10 | 67.00 to 68.55 | 1.11 times |
| 26 Mon | 67.00 | 66.62 | 66.09 to 67.35 | 1.01 times |
| 23 Fri | 66.67 | 68.85 | 65.43 to 68.89 | 0.66 times |
Futures expiry: 29 Tue December 2026
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume |
| 29 Thu | 68.53 | 68.09 | 67.87 to 68.55 | 1.25 times |
| 28 Wed | 68.09 | 68.50 | 67.47 to 68.92 | 1.18 times |
| 27 Tue | 68.33 | 68.10 | 67.85 to 68.96 | 1.12 times |
| 26 Mon | 67.47 | 66.95 | 66.52 to 67.65 | 0.76 times |
| 23 Fri | 67.09 | 69.18 | 65.94 to 69.53 | 0.69 times |
Futures expiry: 25 Mon January 2027
| Date | Closing | Open | Range | Volume |
| 29 Thu | 68.78 | 68.78 | 68.43 to 68.85 | 1.27 times |
| 28 Wed | 68.43 | 68.72 | 68.43 to 68.90 | 0.73 times |
Option chain for Nmdc NMDC 23 Mon November 2026 expiry
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 88.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.03 | 20.00 | 4.1 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.05 | 20.00 | 4.1 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.05 | 19.79 | 4 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.04 | 20.50 | 5.22 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.07 | 20.60 | 10.25 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 86.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.02 | 17.90 | 2 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.02 | 17.90 | 2 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.02 | 17.60 | 1.75 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.07 | 18.96 | 2 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 85.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.05 | 16.75 | 1.79 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.06 | 16.94 | 1.77 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.06 | 17.00 | 1.69 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.07 | 18.00 | 1.16 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.12 | 17.77 | 1.4 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 84.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.08 | 16.43 | 1.08 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.08 | 16.43 | 1.08 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.08 | 16.43 | 1.08 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.07 | 16.43 | 1.1 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.15 | 17.00 | 3.33 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 82.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.06 | 14.30 | 0.98 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.06 | 14.30 | 0.98 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.06 | 14.30 | 0.98 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.11 | 15.00 | 0.97 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.12 | 14.90 | 0.99 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 81.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.06 | 12.90 | 0.11 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.06 | 12.90 | 0.11 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.06 | 13.20 | 0.22 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.06 | 14.00 | 0.11 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 80.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.09 | 12.00 | 1.35 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.10 | 12.11 | 1.35 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.11 | 12.10 | 1.33 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.12 | 13.00 | 1.12 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.18 | 13.12 | 1.05 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 78.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.15 | 10.10 | 0.1 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.17 | 10.10 | 0.12 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.17 | 10.10 | 0.13 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.19 | 11.42 | 0.11 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.26 | 12.25 | 0.06 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 77.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.18 | 9.40 | 0.02 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.20 | 9.40 | 0.03 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.21 | 9.40 | 0.17 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.24 | 10.10 | 1 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 76.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.25 | 8.40 | 0.03 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.26 | 8.40 | 0.04 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.29 | 8.40 | 0.07 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.28 | 7.25 | 0.05 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.38 | 7.25 | 0.07 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 75.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.31 | 7.05 | 0.17 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.33 | 7.60 | 0.17 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.36 | 7.35 | 0.19 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.35 | 8.15 | 0.07 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.47 | 8.56 | 0.09 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 74.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.40 | 6.10 | 0.07 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.41 | 6.10 | 0.08 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.47 | 6.10 | 0.13 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.44 | 7.30 | 0.16 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.58 | 5.77 | 0.14 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 73.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.54 | 5.30 | 0.17 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.53 | 5.30 | 0.18 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.60 | 5.30 | 0.27 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.55 | 6.50 | 0.32 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.72 | 5.01 | 0.29 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 72.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.72 | 4.59 | 0.19 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.71 | 4.83 | 0.17 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 0.81 | 4.64 | 0.18 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.72 | 6.00 | 0.2 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 0.90 | 6.09 | 0.23 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 71.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 0.95 | 3.94 | 0.11 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 0.93 | 3.94 | 0.11 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 1.06 | 3.94 | 0.12 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 0.92 | 4.83 | 0.1 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 1.13 | 5.37 | 0.42 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 70.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 1.28 | 3.13 | 0.23 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 1.22 | 3.57 | 0.23 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 1.39 | 3.21 | 0.24 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 1.17 | 4.01 | 0.19 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 1.42 | 4.62 | 0.52 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 69.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 1.68 | 2.50 | 0.7 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 1.59 | 2.95 | 0.74 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 1.83 | 2.59 | 0.79 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 1.55 | 3.37 | 0.82 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 1.71 | 4.00 | 0.91 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 68.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 2.15 | 2.05 | 0.76 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 2.05 | 2.36 | 0.78 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 2.28 | 2.13 | 0.79 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 1.96 | 2.79 | 0.81 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 2.11 | 3.30 | 0.79 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 67.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 2.73 | 1.57 | 0.9 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 2.56 | 1.91 | 1.08 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 2.80 | 1.75 | 1.29 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 2.46 | 2.30 | 1.55 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 2.54 | 2.81 | 0.61 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 66.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 3.34 | 1.24 | 1.57 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 3.19 | 1.52 | 1.41 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 3.43 | 1.40 | 1.34 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 3.00 | 1.88 | 0.75 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 3.08 | 2.26 | 0.8 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 65.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 4.11 | 0.99 | 3.59 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 3.87 | 1.21 | 3.71 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 4.19 | 1.11 | 4.5 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 3.61 | 1.52 | 4.29 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 3.62 | 1.88 | 5.53 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 64.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 4.80 | 0.75 | 1.39 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 4.56 | 0.96 | 1.3 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 5.02 | 0.87 | 1.17 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 4.30 | 1.18 | 0.58 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 4.25 | 1.57 | 1.8 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 62.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 6.80 | 0.44 | 69 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 6.80 | 0.59 | 67 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 6.80 | 0.52 | 99 |
Nmdc NMDC Option strike: 60.00
| Date | CE | PE | PCR |
| 29 Thu October 2026 | 8.29 | 0.25 | 68 |
| 28 Wed October 2026 | 8.54 | 0.36 | 83 |
| 27 Tue October 2026 | 8.54 | 0.33 | 71.33 |
| 26 Mon October 2026 | 7.20 | 0.44 | 47.67 |
| 23 Fri October 2026 | 8.01 | 0.59 | 46 |
Videos related to: Nmdc NMDC full analysis,charts,indicators,moving averages,SMA,DMA,EMA,ADX,MACD,RSI
Hindi Video What Is Needed To Succeed In Stock Markets
- NSE Screeners
- NSE Daily Screener
- NSE Weekly Screener
- NSE Monthly Screener
- Support & Resistance
- NSE Shares Near Support
- NSE Shares Near Resistance


